Greenhouse assays and replicated field studies will identify factors which influence the biology, ecology, and impact of m. A significant question in biological control is the extent to which indigenous. In florida, scyl causes a loss in cane and sugar production of 7 and 4% respectively. Transgenic lines of sorghum may be developed in the future with resistance to m. The transcriptomes of the control and infested susceptible plants 15 days. It spreads by vegetative propagation and is transmitted to healthy plants by the aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehnt. A new pest of sorghum, the sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari was found for the first time in south carolina in october 2014. The sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehtner, 1897 homoptera, aphididae, which is considered to be mainly anholocyclic, is present in america, australia, asia and africa. Sweet sorghum was found to be an additional foodplant. Chemical control due to the variable regulations around deregistration of pesticides, we are for the moment not including any specific. Arthropod biology life cycle and larval morphology of diomus terminatus coleoptera. Biological parameters of melanaphis sacchari reared on two hostplants. The aphid is subjected to biological control in sugarcane in florida by pathogens verticillium lecanii.
Center for ecological research, kyoto university, hirano 25093, otsu, shiga, 52021, japan. Phenotyping for resistance to the sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari hemiptera. Aphididae with potential uses for in vitro toxicological studies erubiel toledohernandez, victor manuel hernandezvelazquez, guadalupe penachora. Catron and tom kuhar, virginia tech department of entomology, blacksburg va sally taylor, virginia tech department of entomology, suffolk va introduction the sugarcane aphid sca is a pest of.
Renu yadav, syam prasad, sumeet kumar singh, vishnu vijay. There is a wide variety of biorational products for pest control. Pdf the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, is a major pest in. Pdf table of contents iii pdf research papers a volatile semiochemical released by the fungus garden of leafcutting ants. Pdf the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, is a major. Insects free fulltext hemipteran pests of sugarcane in. All growth stages can be infested, but economic damage usually occurs during the later growth stages. The relationships pertaining to the vector and the luteovirus were investigated under laboratory conditions, as an understanding of the. Biology and management of the sugarcane aphid, zehntner. The detailed biopotentiality of chrysoperla carnea was studied in the laboratory on eggs and i instar larvae of corcyra cephalonica, sorghum aphid, melanaphis sacchari and safflower aphid, uroleucon compositae.
Biocontrol potential of chrysoperla carnea stephens on. Incubation, larval and pupal periods, longevity of female and male were observed. An artificial diet for the sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. Aphididae, was previously described as aphis sacchari and longiunguis sacchari before being placed in its current genus. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, is an aphid in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera. Jan 23, 2019 sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehntner emerged in the united states in 20 as a new pest infesting sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Melanaphis sorghi, which has been regarded as a synonym of m. A new aphid pest has infested grain sorghum in south and east texas, southern oklahoma, eastern mississippi, northeastern mexico, and central, northeast, and southwest louisiana.
Potential population growth of melanaphis sacchari zethner reared on sugarcane and sweet sorghum. Total rna was extracted from three biological replicates per time point and treatment. Biological control open access articles the latest open access articles published in biological control. The need to control damaging populations of sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, on sorghum in the southern united states has resulted in registration of flupyradifurone epa, section 3 for use on sorghum, and emergency use registration of sulfoxaflor epa, section 18 in at least 10 different states.
Melanaphis sacchari is a small aphid melanaphis sacchari. Melanaphis sacchari an overview sciencedirect topics. Biology and management of the sugarcane aphid, zehntner, a. Epf is the most important organism for the biological control of aphidshowever their infection. The biology, ecology, and pest management of these insects are. Unfortunately, it has been found in the united states. Functional response of chrysoperla externa hagen 1861.
The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. Host plant resistance is an ipm tactic that is complementary to other tactics including biological control and cultural practices with little to no additional costs to the farmer. Differences in microbiota between two multilocus lineages of the sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari. New oviparous morph of melanaphis sacchari zehntner on sorghum. Laboratory and field studies were carried out in lucknow, uttar pradesh, india, in 197176 on the biology and control of melanaphis sacchari form indosacchari david m.
Sorghum hybrids designated as highly tolerant to sugarcane aphid are reaching the market with no. To help control the sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari in sorghum the usage of biocontrol agents can help manage this pest more effectively. Pdf field efficacy of biorational insecticides against melanaphis. Predation capability of hippodamia convergens coleoptera.
Epf is the most important organism for the biological control of aphids. Biological control of cereal aphids and mediating effects of host plant and habitat manipulations. In sorghum renu yadav, syam prasad, sumeet kumar singh, vishnu vijay, twinkle sabu, sonam lama. Melanaphis sacchari is a small aphid biological control agents for m.
Download pdf save to my library sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. Chrysoperla externa hagen 1861 is a generalist predator with a high degree of adaptability to different environments, which has allowed it to have a wide geographical distribution and to be considered as an alternative in biological control programs. A sequence characterized amplified region scar marker linked to an aphidresistance gene rmes1 was first used to prescreen for resistant genotypes. Recruitment of aphidophagous arthropods to sorghum plants. The host range of this species is restricted to poaceae. This species is most widespread on sorghum particularly in warmer areas where dryland sorghum is grown or where the crop is planted late. Management of sugarcane aphid is difficult due to its rapid reproductive rate, our lack of knowledge on the biology and ecology of this emerging pest.
Chrysopidae feeding of melanaphis sacchari hemiptera. Aphididae was introduced in the 1970s, however at that time it was only considered a pest of sugarcane. F 2 population derived from a cross between sorghum lines hn16 and qs produced qtls linked with microsatellite marker indicating the involvement of a single dominant gene in sorghum resistant to melanaphis sacchari chang jinhua et al. The status of research of its geographical distribution, host range, nature of damage, extent of crop losses, and ecobiology in sorghum is summarized and research programs in different countries are. Large plot evaluation of sugarcane aphid tolerance in sorghum.
Sorghum bicolor to sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari. Populations of the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, reached unprecedented levels in 20 and 2014, devastating grain sorghum throughout the midsouth and southeastern united states. Invasion of sorghum in the americas by a new sugarcane aphid. Control natural biological control has been effective for many years. Reagan life cycle and larval morphology of diomus terminatus coleoptera. The functional responses of harmonia axyridis pallas at each developmental stage of melanaphis sacchari zehntner and intraspecific competition among predators were evaluated under laboratory conditions. View the list of accepted posters pdf the poster session is on wednesday, march 21, 4. Augmentative biological control of twospotted spider mite on hops in the midwest. In 20, large populations of sugarcane aphids melanaphis sacchari developed on sorghum plants. In louisiana, where melanaphis sacchari is also present, the threat of sycl is so great that seed programs screen for the disease as a part of certification standards for micropropagated seedcane. Depending on the situation, initially less risky control mechanisms are used, if the problem persists then the scale and strength of the materials used is increased.
It is thought that local outbreaks have been caused by a breakdown in this natural control, which may reassert itself in due course. Biological control of insect pests overview kansas grew more than 199 million bushels of sorghum for grain in 2014, enough to make it the highestproducing sorghum state in the nation. At this stage no recommendation for the use of insecticides has been formulated. Sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehntner emerged in the united states in 20 as a new pest infesting sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Regardless of this, losses have still been reported from louisiana. Based in the morphometric identification and molecular characterization, the species associated with sugarcane aphid in south of. Melanaphis sacchari is also an important pest of sugarcane throughout the world, including louisiana, florida, and texas as a vector of sugarcane yellow leaf virus.
Pdf the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, in florida. Saccharicoccus sacchari grey sugarcane mealybug cabi. Biology, bionomics and control of melanaphis indosacchari. Aphid densityyield response studies will be used in development of economics to improve sustainability of m. Phenotyping for resistance to the sugarcane aphid melanaphis. Aphids are one of the devastating pests affecting the productivity of sorghum in many countries. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, is a key pest that affects sorghum in mexico. Life cycle and larval morphology of diomus terminatus. In the united states us, the sugarcane aphid sca melanaphis sacchari zehnter hemiptera.
Abstract the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, is an economically important invasive insect pest of sorghum, sorghum bicolor l. Building and better ealth and utrition protecting lobal. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, in florida. In sorghum renu yadav, syam prasad, sumeet kumar singh, vishnu vijay, twinkle sabu, sonam lama, pawan kumar, jadhav sandesh, anjali thakur and naleeni ramawat. It is mostly found in saccharum and sorghum species. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, emerged as a new pest of sorghum in texas and louisiana in 20, and has since spread rapidly throughout the southern united states. Molecular and morphological evidence for resistance to. Arthropod biology life cycle and larval morphology of diomus. Natural enemies, aphidophagous, biological control. Potential population growth of melanaphis sacchari. Key words diomus terminatus, melanaphis sacchari, life cycle, morphology, biological control the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera.
The sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari has emerged as a significant. Aphididae, was previously described as aphis sacchari and longiunguis sacchari before being placed in its current genus 6. Sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari a new pest of sorghum. Low genetic diversity in melanaphis sacchari aphid. The invasive sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari, swept across much of the southern great plains in 20 and caused serious yield losses in grain sorghum. Aphididae, a new invasive pest of sorghum species in north america, was confirmed on sorghum in 4 states and 38 counties in the united states. Coccinellidae and its potential as a biological control agent of melanaphis sacchari hemiptera.
The insect was not considered a pest of sorghum until 20 when it was found in large numbers on grain and forage sorghum in texas. Poster submission has closed as of january 8, 2018. Information about melanaphis sacchari diagnosis, including distribution and treatment advice. Sugarcane aphids, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, are pale yellow, gray or tan aphids, distinguished from greenbugs by the lack of the dorsal dark green stripe and by having black cornicles, rather than green cornicles with black tips. Relative toxicity of two aphicides to hippodamia convergens. This functional response study was performed to evaluate its predatory capacity on melanaphis sacchari zehntner 1897, as prey. Species diversity of entomopathogenic fungi infecting the. During 2014 to 2016, in south of tamaulipas sites and bajio region in guanajuato, the populations of this aphid were infected by different species of hypocrealean fungi. Offspring sex ratio of a cereal aphid parasitoid, lysiphlebus delhiensis subba rao and sharma in response to paternal crowding. Sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari zehntner emerged in the united states. Overview of a special issue on advanced genetic analysis. Francis reayjones and jeremy greene, clemson university.
In 2015, the aphid was reported on sorghum in 17 states and over 400 counties as well as all sorghumproducing regions in mexico. They are several biological controls worldwide and they are able to help with. Insects free fulltext hemipteran pests of sugarcane. The sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, 1897 is a key pest on sorghum and sugarcane in many areas of africa, asia, australia, the far east, and parts of central and south america. Aphididae can reach very high populations on sorghum by the time it flowers. Host plant specialization in the sugarcane aphid melanaphis. In 20, the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. All sugarcane aphids are female, which give birth to females. Request pdf biology and management of the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner homoptera.
Management strategies for sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, in grain sorghum. Arthropod biology life cycle and larval morphology of. Aphididae, in sorghum fields in the southern usa have created demand for insecticides that will provide effective control of sugarcane aphid, while conserving those beneficial species that contribute to biological control of the pest. The aim of the present investigation was to identify sweet sorghum genotypes resistant to the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner. Functions of banker plants for biological control of arthropod pests in protected culture e. Sinonimia aphis pheidolei theobald, 1916 aphis sacchari zehntner aphis sorghella schouteden, 1906 aphis sorgui theobald, 1904 longiunguis sacchari zehntner melanaphis sorgui theobald rhopalosiphum sacchari zehntner sipha sacchari zehntner uraphis sorgui theobald clasificacion taxonomica. Potential population growth of melanaphis sacchari zethner. Apr 30, 2019 chrysoperla externa hagen 1861 is a generalist predator with a high degree of adaptability to different environments, which has allowed it to have a wide geographical distribution and to be considered as an alternative in biological control programs. Biology and management of the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis.
Biological control appeared to have little impact against sugarcane aphid population levels during early to midsummer when aphid levels. Developing a sequential sampling protocol for scouting sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, in sorghum jessica c. Discovery of the sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner, 1897 in argentina and uruguay. A new observation in enhancing biocontrol potential of t. Coccinellidae and its potential as a biological control agent ofmelanaphis sacchari hemiptera. Aphididae, annals of the entomological society of america 1021, 96103, 1 january 2009.
Control of the disease or pest can be achieved with one or more bio control or chemical agents, such as pheromones or chemical pesticides or combinations of them. Recent widespread infestations of the invasive sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera. Effective insecticides which have been identified include neonicotinoids and related compounds such as sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone 23, 24, 25, but these products are not registered for use in u. Vectorvirus relationship for melanaphis sacchari zehnt. Functions of banker plants for biological control of. The invasive sugarcane aphid melanaphis sacchari, sca was first detected in the continental united states on sugarcane in florida in 1977 and in louisiana in 1999. Rapid data analytics to relate sugarcane aphid melanaphis. Pulgon amarillo 2014 4 identidad nombre melanaphis sacchari zehntner. Melanaphis sacchari aphididae hemiptera minor pests 8. Introduction of fire ant biological control agents into the coachella. The main species found on the crop is melanaphis sacchari a small 1. Nov 20, 2019 new oviparous morph of melanaphis sacchari zehntner on sorghum.
Mar 15, 2011 sugarcane yellow leaf virus scylv was reported in mauritius in 1995. Sugarcane aphid as a pest of sorghum landgrant press. Biology, ecology, and impact of melanaphis sacchari in. Aphididae,asmallanttendedhemipteran with various body colors, is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions blackman and eastop. Offspring sex ratio of a cereal aphid parasitoid, lysiphlebus delhiensis. Earhead web worm cryptoblabes gnidiella pyraustidae lepidoptera 9. Mar 29, 2017 recent widespread infestations of the invasive sugarcane aphid, melanaphis sacchari zehntner hemiptera.
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